Format of This List
When we include footnotes on the pages of this website, they are numbered according to AMA format, but it is not a continuous run; that is to say, each page has its own 1 or 2 or 3 footnote. The numbers do not continue on successive pages.
Because websites are not designed to be used in a linear format, numbered AMA format is not useful for this reference list. Instead, this list is in APA format, alphabetical by author or site name.
References
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Chan, A. W., Boutron, I., Hopewell, S., Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., Collins, G. S., Tunn, R., Aggarwal, R., Berkwits, M., Berlin, J. A., Bhandari, N., Butcher, N. J., Campbell, M. K., Chidebe, R. C. W., Elbourne, D. R., Farmer, A. J., Fergusson, D. A., Golub, R. M., Goodman, S. N.,…Hrobjartsson, A. (2025). SPIRIT 2025 statement: Updated guideline for protocols of randomised trials. BMJ, 389, e081477. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-081477
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Goodman, D., Ogrinc, G., Davies, L., Baker, G. R., Barnsteiner, J., Foster, T. C., Gali, K., Hilden, J., Horwitz, L., Kaplan, H. C., Leis, J., Matulis, J. C., Michie, S., Miltner, R., Neily, J., Nelson, W. A., Niedner, M., Oliver, B., Rutman, L.,…Thor, J. (2016). Explanation and elaboration of the SQUIRE (Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence) Guidelines, V.2.0: Examples of SQUIRE elements in the healthcare improvement literature. BMJ Quality & Safety, 25(12), e7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004480
Hopewell, S., Chan, A. W., Collins, G. S., Hrobjartsson, A., Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., Tunn, R., Aggarwal, R., Berkwits, M., Berlin, J. A., Bhandari, N., Butcher, N. J., Campbell, M. K., Chidebe, R. C. W., Elbourne, D., Farmer, A., Fergusson, D. A., Golub, R. M., Goodman, S. N.,…Boutron, I. (2025). CONSORT 2025 explanation and elaboration: Updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. BMJ, 389, e081124. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-081124
Hopewell, S., Chan, A. W., Collins, G. S., Hrobjartsson, A., Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., Tunn, R., Aggarwal, R., Berkwits, M., Berlin, J. A., Bhandari, N., Butcher, N. J., Campbell, M. K., Chidebe, R. C. W., Elbourne, D., Farmer, A., Fergusson, D. A., Golub, R. M., Goodman, S. N.,…Boutron, I. (2025). CONSORT 2025 statement: Updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. BMJ, 389, e081123. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-081123
Hróbjartsson, A., Boutron, I., Hopewell, S., Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., Collins, G. S., Tunn, R., Aggarwal, R., Berkwits, M., Berlin, J. A., Bhandari, N., Butcher, N. J., Campbell, M. K., Chidebe, R. C. W., Elbourne, D. R., Farmer, A. J., Fergusson, D. A., Golub, R. M., Goodman, S. N.,…Chan, A. W. (2025). SPIRIT 2025 explanation and elaboration: Updated guideline for protocols of randomised trials. BMJ, 389, e081660. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-081660
Lefebvre, C., Glanville, J., Briscoe, S., Featherstone, R., Littlewood, A., Metzendorf, M.-I., Noel-Storr, A., Paynter, R., Rader, T., Thomas, J., & Wieland, L. S. (2025). Chapter 4: Searching for and selecting studies [last updated March 2025]. In J. P. T. Higgins, J. Thomas, J. Chandler, M. Cumpston, T. Li, M. J. Page, & V. A. Welch (Eds.), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5.1. Cochrane.
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Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hrobjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S.,…McKenzie, J. E. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n160. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160
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Riley, D. S., Barber, M. S., Kienle, G. S., Aronson, J. K., von Schoen-Angerer, T., Tugwell, P., Kiene, H., Helfand, M., Altman, D. G., Sox, H., Werthmann, P. G., Moher, D., Rison, R. A., Shamseer, L., Koch, C. A., Sun, G. H., Hanaway, P., Sudak, N. L., Kaszkin-Bettag, M.,…Gagnier, J. J. (2017). CARE guidelines for case reports: Explanation and elaboration document. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 89, 218–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.04.026
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